Democracy
- Definition: ‘A system of government in which the people have the right to determine who governs them and how’ (Sodaro, 2004)
Two key components
- Elections
- Guarantee of rights and freedoms
Regime Type 1
Regime Type 2
Freedom
The “Third Wave”
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Three waves of democratization (Huntington)
- First wave (1828-1926)
- Second wave (1943-1972)
- Third wave (1973 – present)
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‘Fourth wave’ = Arab Spring
The Arab Spring
The Third Reverse Wave
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Democratic Backsliding: “[A] decline in the quality of democracy, when it occurs within democratic regimes, or in democratic qualities of governance in autocracies”, David Waldman
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Freedom House: “third reverse wave” started in 2005
Wealth and Democracy
Populism
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Definition: a political movement that champions the elite against the establishment (Judis)
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Two types
- left wing
- right wing
Discussion
- Foa & Mounk
- Ferguson